Fjord
A steep-sided coastal inlet carved by a glacier that has since retreated and been drowned by the sea — diagnostic feature is the combination of a U-shaped cross-section (broad and rounded at the base, unlike a river-cut V-shaped valley) with genuinely deep water reaching far inland between high, often near-vertical walls.
Coniferous / Boreal Forest
A glacially-carved inlet with forested slopes rising from the water rather than bare rock — relief varies with location (the classic dramatic near-vertical fjord walls belong to a milder, less forested climate zone; the genuinely boreal-forested stretches tend toward gentler, more rolling relief).
